Power to the people

Posted by Rob Ashton
power-to-the-people

People power counts for a lot in writing. ‘One in a hundred people’ is likely to produce a much bigger reaction from readers of your reports than ‘one per cent’, even though they obviously mean the same thing.

Before you dismiss this as another example of general ignorance, you should know that experts are not immune to this effect. One study showed that it could trip up forensic psychiatrists, for example. They were twice as likely to refuse to release a patient if they were told that ’20 out of 100′ were likely to be violent after release than if they were told that there was a ’20 per cent chance’ of this happening.

One individual’s story is likely to override even the most powerful numerical evidence – at least if you’re writing for the general public. And even if you’re not, mentioning people (‘lawyers’, for example) rather than groups (‘the legal profession’) will give your writing much more impact.

Charities know this when they use heart-rending case studies to get your support for their causes. And governments know this when they use the term ‘collateral damage’ to play down accidental loss of life (by avoiding mentioning people at all).

You can use ‘people power’ to make your writing more effective. If you leave people out, you will almost certainly reduce its impact. Which do you want to do?

Name the year

Posted by Tom Wilde
name-the-year

Almost a month into the first year of the new decade and the time may have come to pick a side: is it ‘twenty-ten’ or ‘two thousand and ten’?

Most people seem to be automatically going with the latter, but they are wrong to do so, claims one American group.

This is NAGG (the National Association of Good Grammar), a small group that may actually just be one bloke, a cat and a kettle (they don’t even have their own website). Despite their size, they are reportedly very vocal on this subject. They’re adamant it should be ‘twenty ten’ and are, frankly, exceedingly put out that we spent the last ten years saying ‘two thousand’. Founder Tom Torriglia points out that we are not following the pattern of the twentieth century.

Prince never sang, ‘Tonight we’re going to party like it’s one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine’, that’s for sure.

Get this new symbol and you’ll pay for it

Posted by Catie Holdridge

If you have an aversion to emoticons and their ilk, you may want to look away now.

SarcmarkIntroducing an entirely new symbol to express heavy-handedly what your words apparently can’t: ladies and gentlemen, the Sarcmark. As you might already have guessed, it can be handily popped at the end of a sentence to signify when you’re being sarcastic. Actually, it’s probably meant to be an indicator of irony, but presumably the ‘Iromark’ didn’t have quite the same commercial appeal.

That’s right: you’ll have to pay to use it. Its makers, Sarcasm Inc, will charge you a mere £1.20 for the privilege.

So will we be downloading it? Of course. (Darn, now we need one. The irony!)

Ok, sometimes the lack of tone in email can be a problem. But sarcasm’s a tricky one to pull off at the best of times, particularly in business dealings. Insert one of these and you run the risk of either offending your reader for using sarcasm at all, or by assuming they’re too dim-witted to recognise it if they see it.

Texting turnaround on literacy

Posted by Rob Ashton
texting-turnaround-on-literacy

There’s been another U-turn on the effects of texting on children’s literacy skills.

The latest research, conducted by Dr Clare Wood at the British Academy, suggests that, far from damaging their ability to read and write, using ‘textisms’ like ‘LOL’ and ‘plz’ is actually a sign of sophisticated phonological development.

Great news for the future generation, certainly. But is anyone else dizzy yet?

To colon or to semi-colon

Posted by Tessa Gooding
to-colon-or-to-semi-colon

The colon is a common cause of bellyache. The semi-colon can leave people dazed and confused. But rather than cutting them completely from your punctuation diet, refer to the following guidelines and you’ll soon find just the right dosage for all your writing needs.

The colon

The colon is very useful for introducing things, for example:

* bullet points
* lists within your text, eg I learned three things from this article: how to use colons, how to use semi-colons, and that the writer liked extended metaphors.
* long, indented quotes.

It can also act like an arrow, pointing the reader on from a statement to the reason for, or outcome of, that statement. For example: she was elated to know what those two little dots were for: she started using them with confidence and glee.

The system here always implies a link between the two sections, and can be generally summed up as:

* cause: effect, or
* fact: explanation.

In UK English, always use lower case after a colon. (American style guides usually recommend the opposite.) The only exception is if you are introducing bullet points that are each full sentences.

The semi-colon

Think of the semi-colon as the ‘super comma’: they act in a similar way, but indicate a longer pause. They can also be used to show a link between parallel ideas.

Use them to separate long phrases in a list when at least one of the phrases contains a comma, eg My favourite mediums for writing semi-colons are: crayons; 2B pencils; fountain pens, in blue or black; and, obviously, huge magic markers.

Semi-colons are also good for linking two related clauses. In this way, the semi-colon replaces the word ‘and’ or ‘but’ eg I prefer the explanation about colons; Denise prefers the semi-colon section.

So don’t be afraid: used fairly sparingly, these two punctuation marks can bring much more clarity and variety to your documents. Bon appétit.

If you have any more questions about how to use them, ask the experts on our forum by clicking here.

The offence of bad language

Posted by Rob Ashton
the-offence-of-bad-language

Finally, a House of Commons report that is a cause for celebration.

This is Bad Language: the Use and Abuse of Official Language – the result of an investigation into the many ways in which politicians and civil servants may baffle and intimidate readers with their use of jargon-heavy, euphemism-filled waffle. By making such official documents virtually unreadable, the report points out, the public is effectively denied access to political policies that affect them.

The committee behind the report are planning to crack down on perpetrators by issuing penalties for instances where poor use of language has damaging results, like a person failing to receive benefits or services they are entitled to.

And while their plan is to refer to the offence of bad political language by the rather jargon-y term ‘maladministration’, we really can’t do anything but applaud these announcements.

Revisiting that question

Posted by Catie Holdridge
revisiting-that-question

Write Now reader Simon Lewis joins the great ‘that’ debate:

Definitely one of my bugbears, that. Take this example: “The teaching medical students receive also leaves them with an incomplete picture.” I started interpreting this as “The medical students who teach…” — and then obviously realised [that] it was supposed to be interpreted “The teaching *that* medical students receive…”. I’m all for brevity, but not at the expense of clarity, and definitely not at the expense of causing the reader to re-start the sentence!

Thanks, Simon.

So it looks like there needs to be a context-specific clause added to our rule.

If the ‘that’ doesn’t add any clarity to the sentence, as in ‘the watch [that] my father gave me’, then cutting it is fine.

But if the ‘that’ distinguishes the word preceding it as, for example, a noun (as it does for the word ‘teaching’ in Simon’s example) rather than an adjective (which is how Simon interpreted the word to begin with, as a way of defining the ‘medical students’) then for goodness’ sake leave it in.

This does, at least, reinforce the importance of another thing we stand for: proofreading!

How do you feel about that?

Posted by Catie Holdridge
how-do-you-feel-about-that

The most innocuous-seeming topics have sparked incredibly heated debates. Marmite: love it or loathe it? Toilet roll facing front or facing back? [Front obviously – Ed.] Daddy or chips?

Well, we’re about to start another one: whether or not to cut ‘that’ from sentences.

Now, don’t panic. This is not some kind of totalitarian coup – we are in no way advocating the complete abolition of ‘that’ from the English language. It is, after all, very useful.

How else would we be able to declare: ‘I want that one’?

No other word comes near it for its ability to define and specify, as in:

Have you seen the watch that my father gave me?

Incidentally, in this way it is not to be confused with ‘which’, since the latter often presents optional information (which could be omitted from the sentence):

My watch, which my father gave me, has gone missing.

However, anyone who knows Emphasis knows that we favour clarity, brevity, and generally getting on with it. To that end, sometimes the ‘that’s are redundant and just get in the way. Observe:

Are you still talking about the watch that your father gave you?

easily becomes:

Are you still talking about the watch your father gave you?

The meaning is just as clear, the sentence is less clumsy, and you have that little bit longer left to look for the watch.

But don’t let us hog the microphone. Join the debate: redundant place-filler or vital for rhythm and sense? Are there instances where excluding it would only lead to madness? Just how do you feel about ‘that’?

Tactical mistake

Posted by admin
tactical-mistake

We’ve all done it: accidentally substituted a similar-sounding but actually entirely different word for the one we meant to write.

And while no-one wants to be the person who does it (it could seriously undermine your credibility), for humour’s sake, we’re probably all secretly glad it happens occasionally.

Take one of the features of a 9 LED Eurohike aluminium torch (offered at an unmissable price with a recent purchase at Millets). Listed between ‘heavy duty aluminium construction’ and ‘3 x AAA batteries included’ we find ‘tactical on/off switch’.

Now that sounds fancy, doesn’t it? But really, whenever any of us make that strategic reach for the on/off switch, with the cunning plan of being able to see where we are going, aren’t we all tacticians in our own right?

Or could this simple, moulded, soft-rubber switch actually be better described as … tactile?

But then, this is a dangerous game to start.

Be sensitive; get the details right

Posted by Denise Goodreds
be-sensitive-get-the-details-right

It’s always important to check over and authenticate the key details in anything you write before you send it out. But if there’s ever a time when it’s absolutely vital, it’s when addressing sensitive matters.

Gordon Brown knows this now better than anyone. At a time of year when everyone is particularly conscious of the lives and lot of soldiers, it is especially mortifying that he apparently sent out a handwritten condolence note with misspellings, including of the late young man’s name.

Whether it’s your unfortunate duty to be penning a letter denying a loan, rejecting a proposal or giving someone their notice, you must remember that the recipient will probably already be on the defensive. Any typos or unchecked errors will just seem like insult piled on top of injury.

So, be it in the spirit of not burning bridges, of good press, or merely the milk of human kindness – get the details right.